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Miguel de Unamuno

Miguel de Unamuno

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Miguel de Unamuno

Miguel de Unamuno was born in the medieval centre of Bilbao, Basque Country, the son of Félix de Unamuno and Salomé Jugo. As a young man, he was interested in the Basque language, and competed for a teaching position in the Instituto de Bilbao, against Sabino Arana. The contest was finally won by the Basque scholar Resurrección María de Azcue.Unamuno worked in all major genres: the essay, the novel, poetry and theatre, and, as a modernist, contributed greatly to dissolving the boundaries between genres. There is some debate as to whether Unamuno was in fact a member of the Generation of '98 (an ex post facto literary group of Spanish intellectuals and philosophers that was the creation of José Martínez Ruiz — a group that includes Antonio Machado, Azorín, Pío Baroja, Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Ramiro de Maeztu and Ángel Ganivet, among others).In addition to his writing, Unamuno played an important role in the intellectual life of Spain. He served as rector of the University of Salamanca for two periods: from 1900 to 1924 and 1930 to 1936, during a time of great social and political upheaval. Unamuno was removed from his post by the government in 1924, to the protest of other Spanish intellectuals. He lived in exile until 1930, first banned to Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), from where he escaped to France. Unamuno returned after the fall of General Primo de Rivera's dictatorship and took up his rectorship again. It is said in Salamanca that the day he returned to the University, Unamuno began his lecture by saying "As we were saying yesterday, ...", as Fray Luis de León had done in the same place four centuries before, as though he had not been absent at all. After the fall of Rivera's dictatorship, Spain embarked on its second Republic, a short-lived attempt by the people of Spain to take democratic control of their own country. He was a candidate for the small intellectual party Al Servicio de la República.The burgeoning Republic was eventually squashed when a military coup headed by General Francisco Franco caused the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Having begun his literary career as an internationalist, Unamuno gradually became a convinced Spanish nationalist, feeling that Spain's essential qualities would be destroyed if influenced too much by outside forces. Thus for a brief period he actually welcomed Franco's revolt as necessary to rescue Spain from radical influence. However, the harsh tactics employed by the Francoists in the struggle against their republican opponents caused him to oppose both the Republic and Franco.As a result of his opposition to Franco, Unamuno was effectively removed for a second time from his University post. Also, in 1936 Unamuno had a brief public quarrel with the Nationalist general Millán Astray at the University in which he denounced both Astray and elements of the Francoist movement. He called the battle cry of the rightist Falange movement—"Long live death!"—repellent and suggested Astray wanted to see Spain crippled. One historian notes that his address was a "remarkable act of moral courage" and that he risked being lynched on the spot. Shortly afterwards, he was placed under house arrest, where he remained, broken-hearted, until his death ten weeks later.[1]


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Miguel de Unamuno was born in the medieval centre of Bilbao, Basque Country, the son of Félix de Unamuno and Salomé Jugo. As a young man, he was interested in the Basque language, and competed for a teaching position in the Instituto de Bilbao, against Sabino Arana. The contest was finally won by the Basque scholar Resurrección María de Azcue.Unamuno worked in all major genres: the essay, the novel, poetry and theatre, and, as a modernist, contributed greatly to dissolving the boundaries between genres. There is some debate as to whether Unamuno was in fact a member of the Generation of '98 (an ex post facto literary group of Spanish intellectuals and philosophers that was the creation of José Martínez Ruiz — a group that includes Antonio Machado, Azorín, Pío Baroja, Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Ramiro de Maeztu and Ángel Ganivet, among others).In addition to his writing, Unamuno played an important role in the intellectual life of Spain. He served as rector of the University of Salamanca for two periods: from 1900 to 1924 and 1930 to 1936, during a time of great social and political upheaval. Unamuno was removed from his post by the government in 1924, to the protest of other Spanish intellectuals. He lived in exile until 1930, first banned to Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), from where he escaped to France. Unamuno returned after the fall of General Primo de Rivera's dictatorship and took up his rectorship again. It is said in Salamanca that the day he returned to the University, Unamuno began his lecture by saying "As we were saying yesterday, ...", as Fray Luis de León had done in the same place four centuries before, as though he had not been absent at all. After the fall of Rivera's dictatorship, Spain embarked on its second Republic, a short-lived attempt by the people of Spain to take democratic control of their own country. He was a candidate for the small intellectual party Al Servicio de la República.The burgeoning Republic was eventually squashed when a military coup headed by General Francisco Franco caused the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Having begun his literary career as an internationalist, Unamuno gradually became a convinced Spanish nationalist, feeling that Spain's essential qualities would be destroyed if influenced too much by outside forces. Thus for a brief period he actually welcomed Franco's revolt as necessary to rescue Spain from radical influence. However, the harsh tactics employed by the Francoists in the struggle against their republican opponents caused him to oppose both the Republic and Franco.As a result of his opposition to Franco, Unamuno was effectively removed for a second time from his University post. Also, in 1936 Unamuno had a brief public quarrel with the Nationalist general Millán Astray at the University in which he denounced both Astray and elements of the Francoist movement. He called the battle cry of the rightist Falange movement—"Long live death!"—repellent and suggested Astray wanted to see Spain crippled. One historian notes that his address was a "remarkable act of moral courage" and that he risked being lynched on the spot. Shortly afterwards, he was placed under house arrest, where he remained, broken-hearted, until his death ten weeks later.[1]


Author's Books
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Tragic Sense of Life

Miguel de Unamuno

The acknowledged masterpiece of one of Spain's most influential...

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Abel Sanchez and other stories

Miguel de Unamuno

Three parables by the Spanish philosopher--"Abel Sanchez," "The Madness of...

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Niebla (Alfaguara infantil/juvenil)

Miguel de Unamuno

Esta obra de Miguel de Unamuno es uno de los ejemplos clásicos más...

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San Manuel Bueno, Martir

Miguel De Unamuno

San Manuel Bueno, mártir, obra maestra de Miguel de Unamuno, es considerada...

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Tragic Sense of Life (Cosimo Classics Philosophy)

Miguel de Unamuno

To the mentality that assumes, more or less consciously, that we must of...

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Abel Sanchez

Miguel de Unamundo

Acaso la mas tragica de todas, afirma Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936) al...

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Amor y Pedagogia: 263

Miguel de Unamuno

Miguel de Unamuno (29 September 1864 - 31 December 1936) was a Basque...

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Three Exemplary Novels

Miguel de Unamuno

'No Spanish voice was heard during the fifty years of his active...

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Nada Menos Que Todo un Hombre

Miguel de Unamuno

Tradução de Adolfo Casais Monteiro e Aníbal de...

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Vida De Don Quijote y Sancho: 279 (Letras Hispanicas)

Miguel de Unamuno

Con una extrana mezcla de admiracion y animadversion hacia Cervantes,...

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San Manuel Bueno, Martir

Miguel de Unamuno

San Manuel Bueno, mártir constituye, sin duda alguna, un punto culminante...

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La Agonia del Cristianismo

Miguel de Unamuno

Publicado en francés en 1925, “La agonía del cristianismo”, uno de los...

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Como se hace una novela/ How to Make a Novel (Letras Hispanicas/ Hispanic Writings)

Miguel De Unamuno

El significado de una obra tan compleja como es Cómo se hace una novela se...

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Mi Religion y Otros Ensayos Breves

Miguel de Unamuno

...

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Diario Intimo (Biblioteca Unamuno)

Miguel de Unamuno

La aparición de este DIARIO ÍNTIMO en 1970 supuso una renovación de los...

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Niebla Abel Sanchez

Miguel de Unamundo

En uno de sus ensayos, Unamuno escribe que la esencia del hombre no es sino...

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El Espejo De La Muerte

Miguel de Unamuno

En 1913, Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936) recogió en EL ESPEJO DE LA MUERTE...

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San Manuel Bueno, Martir: San Manuel Bueno, Martir

Miguel de Unamuno

Rare...

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En torno al casticismo / The Return to Love of Purity: 582 (Letras Hispanicas / Hispanic Writings)

Miguel De Unamuno

Rare...

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San Manuel Bueno, Martir: Novela de Don Sandalio (Spanish Texts)

Miguel de Unamuno

...

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Antologia Poetica

Miguel de Unamuno

Considerada por muchos de sus contemporáneos un aspecto secundario de su...

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Os Portugueses, Um Povo Suicida (Portuguese Edition)

Miguel de Unamuno

Uma curiosa e provavelmente injusta análise do perfil psicológico de alguns...

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Selected Works of Miguel de Unamuno, Volume 5: The Agony of Christianity and Essays on Faith: The Agony of Christianity and Essays on Faith Vol 5

Miguel de Unamuno

...

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SATRANÇ USTASI DON SANDALİONUN ROMANI

Miguel de Unamuno

Yaşamın karmaşıklığını başarılı bir şekilde yansıtan satranç tahtasının...

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Dos Novelas Cortas

Miguel de Unamuno

...

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Paz En La Guerra/Peace in War: 99 (Biblioteca de Autor/Author Library)

Miguel De Unamuno

Publicada en 1897, PAZ EN LA GUERRA fue la primera novela de Miguel de...

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Cómo Se Hace Una Novela. La Tía Tula. San Manuel Bueno, Mártir y Tres Historias Más. (Sepan Cuantos, #384)

Miguel de Unamuno

Y ahora paso a traducir mi relato de cómo se hace una novela. Y como no me...

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Por tierras de Portugal y de Espana / Around Portugal and Spain (Biblioteca De Autor/ Author Library)

Miguel De Unamuno

Sin un concepto cerrado de nacionalismo, Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936)...

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Soledad

Miguel de Unamuno

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