Ernesto Che Guevara pioneered and defended economic policies in Cuba in the early 1960s aimed at organizing working people to answer in practice the single biggest question of world politics: How can we rid the world of capitalism - with its exploitation, wars, racism, oppression of women, dog-eat-dog individualism, and economic and social crises - a begin a transition toward a communist society free of these horrors? This special issue of New International publishes four articles that are part of a discussion, both in Cuba and worldwide, on the lasting importance and historical weight of Guevara's contributions to the political continuity of communism. Included are two articles by Guevara from the early 1960s that have long been unavailable in English. They are printed here in new translations.